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DNA Research Advance Access published online on January 25, 2008
DNA Research, doi:10.1093/dnares/dsm033
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© The Author 2008. Kazusa DNA Research Institute
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Global Regulation by Horizontally Transferred Regulators Establishes the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli

Hiroyuki Abe1, Akira Miyahara1, Taku Oshima2, Kosuke Tashiro3, Yoshitoshi Ogura4, Satoru Kuhara3, Naotake Ogasawara2, Tetsuya Hayashi4 and Toru Tobe1,*

1 Division of Applied Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
2 Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
3 Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyusyu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
4 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Miyazaki University, 5200 Kiyotake, Miyazaki 899-1692, Japan

Received 4 September 2007 ; accepted 11 December 2007.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is an emerging pathogen that causes diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Much of the genomic information that affects virulence is acquired by horizontal transfer. Genes necessary for attaching and effacing lesions are located in the locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island. LEE gene transcription is positively regulated by Ler, which is also encoded by the LEE, and by Pch regulators, which are encoded at other loci. Here we identified genes whose transcription profiles were similar to those of the LEE genes, by comparing the effects of altering ler and pch transcript levels. We assigned these genes into two classes, according to their transcription profiles. By determining the binding profiles for Ler and Pch, we showed that both were involved in regulating one class of genes, but only Pch was involved in regulating the other class. Binding sites were found in the coding region as well as the promoter region of regulated genes, which include genes common to K12 strains as well as 0157-specific genes, suggesting that both act as a global regulator. These results indicate that Ler and Pch orchestrate the transcription of virulence genes, which are captured by horizontal transfer and scattered throughout the chromosome.

Key words: transcriptional regulation; virulence gene; A/E pathogen; DNA-binding protein; captured genome

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. +81 6-6879-3301. Fax. +81 6-6879-3309. E-mail: torutobe{at}bact.med.osaka-u.ac.jp

Edited by Katsumi Isono.


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