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DNA Research Advance Access published online on March 3, 2006
DNA Research, doi:10.1093/dnares/dsi027
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© The Author 2006. Kazusa DNA Research Institute.
Received July 27, 2005
Revised November 6, 2005

Full Papers

Genome Sequence of the Cat Pathogen, Chlamydophila felis

Yoshinao Azuma 1 *, Hideki Hirakawa 2, Atsushi Yamashita 3, Yan Cai 4, Mohd Akhlakur Rahman 1, Harumi Suzuki 1, Shigeki Mitaku 5, Hidehiro Toh 6, Susumu Goto 7, Tomoyuki Murakami 8, Kazuro Sugi 8, Hideo Hayashi 9, Hideto Fukushi 4, Masahira Hattori 3, Satoru Kuhara 2, and Mutsunori Shirai 1

1 Department of Microbiology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
2 Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
3 Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
4 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
5 Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya Aichi 464-8603, Japan
6 Department of Microbiology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
7 Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
8 Department of Clinical Research, National Sanyou Hospital, Ube Yamaguchi 755-0241, Japan
9 Chugokugakuen University, Okayama, Okayama 701-0197, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Yoshinao Azuma, E-mail: yazuma{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp


  Abstract

Chlamydophila felis (Chlamydia psittaci feline pneumonitis agent) is a worldwide spread pathogen for pneumonia and conjunctivitis in cats. Herein, we determined the entire genomic DNA sequence of the Japanese C. felis strain Fe/C-56 to understand the mechanism of diseases caused by this pathogen. The C. felis genome is composed of a circular 1 166 239 bp chromosome encoding 1005 protein-coding genes and a 7552 bp circular plasmid. Comparison of C. felis gene contents with other Chlamydia species shows that 795 genes are common in the family Chlamydiaceae species and 47 genes are specific to C. felis. Phylogenetic analysis of the common genes reveals that most of the orthologue sets exhibit a similar divergent pattern but 14 C. felis genes accumulate more mutations, implicating that these genes may be involved in the evolutional adaptation to the C. felis-specific niche. Gene distribution and orthologue analyses reveal that two distinctive regions, i.e. the plasticity zone and frequently gene-translocated regions (FGRs), may play important but different roles for chlamydial genome evolution. The genomic DNA sequence of C. felis provides information for comprehension of diseases and elucidation of the chlamydial evolution.

Keywords: comparative genomics; genome inversion; obligate intercellular bacteria; chlamydia; infectious disease.

Communicated by Naotake Ogasawara

The first three authors have contributed equally to this work.

Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database (accession chromosome, AP006861, plasmid, AP006862).


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