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DNA Research Advance Access originally published online on February 7, 2008
DNA Research 2008 15(2):103-114; doi:10.1093/dnares/dsm035
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© The Author 2008. Kazusa DNA Research Institute
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Focused Microarray Analysis of Peripheral Mononuclear Blood Cells from Churg–Strauss Syndrome Patients

Takahiro Tougan1,2 {dagger}, Hiroaki Onda1,3 {dagger}, Daisuke Okuzaki1,2, Shigeto Kobayashi4, Hiroshi Hashimoto4 and Hiroshi Nojima1,3,*

1 Department of Molecular Genetics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
2 DNA-chip Development Center for Infectious Diseases; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases; Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
3 Innovation Plaza Osaka, 3-1-10 Technostage, Izumi, Osaka 594-1144, Japan
4 Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan

Received 19 October 2007 ; accepted 25 December 2007.

DNA diagnostics are useful but are hampered by difficult ethical issues. Moreover, it cannot provide enough information on the environmental factors that are important for pathogenesis of certain diseases. However, this is not a problem for RNA diagnostics, which evaluate the expression of the gene in question. We here report a novel RNA diagnostics tool that can be employed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). To establish this tool, we identified 290 genes that are highly expressed in normal PBMCs but not in TIG-1, a normal human fibroblast cell. These genes were entitled PREP after predominantly expressed in PBMC and included 50 uncharacterized genes. We then conducted PREP gene-focused microarray analysis on PBMCs from seven cases of Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS), which is a small-vessel necrotizing vasculitis. We found that PREP135 (coactosin-like protein), PREP77 (prosaposin), PREP191 (cathepsin D), PREP234 (c-fgr), and PREP136 (lysozyme) were very highly up-regulated in all seven CSS patients. Another 28 genes were also up-regulated, albeit more moderately, and three were down-regulated in all CSS patients. The nature of these up- and down-regulated genes suggest that the immune systems of the patients are activated in response to invading microorganisms. These observations indicate that focused microarray analysis of PBMCs may be a practical, useful, and low-cost bedside diagnostics tool.

Key words: focused microarray; RNA diagnosis; PMBC; allergic granulomatosis angiitis; Churg–Strauss syndrome

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. +81-6-6875-3980. Fax. +81-6-6875-5192. E-mail: snj-0212{at}biken.osaka-u.ac.jp

Edited by Mitsuo Oshimura

{dagger} These two authors contributed equally to this work.


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