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DNA Research Advance Access published online on November 24, 2009
DNA Research, doi:10.1093/dnares/dsp024
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Discovery of the rpl10 Gene in Diverse Plant Mitochondrial Genomes and Its Probable Replacement by the Nuclear Gene for Chloroplast RPL10 in Two Lineages of Angiosperms

Nakao Kubo1,* and Shin-ichi Arimura2

1 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Seika, Kyoto 619-0244, Japan
2 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657, Japan

Received 5 September 2009 ; accepted 24 October 2009.

Mitochondrial genomes of plants are much larger than those of mammals and often contain conserved open reading frames (ORFs) of unknown function. Here, we show that one of these conserved ORFs is actually the gene for ribosomal protein L10 (rpl10) in plant. No rpl10 gene has heretofore been reported in any mitochondrial genome other than the exceptionally gene-rich genome of the protist Reclinomonas americana. Conserved ORFs corresponding to rpl10 are present in a wide diversity of land plant and green algal mitochondrial genomes. The mitochondrial rpl10 genes are transcribed in all nine land plants examined, with five seed plant genes subject to RNA editing. In addition, mitochondrial-rpl10-like cDNAs were identified in EST libraries from numerous land plants. In three lineages of angiosperms, rpl10 is either lost from the mitochondrial genome or a pseudogene. In two of them (Brassicaceae and monocots), no nuclear copy of mitochondrial rpl10 is identifiably present, and instead a second copy of nuclear-encoded chloroplast rpl10 is present. Transient assays using green fluorescent protein indicate that this duplicate gene is dual targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts. We infer that mitochondrial rpl10 has been functionally replaced by duplicated chloroplast counterparts in Brassicaceae and monocots.

Key words: chloroplast; GFP; plant mitochondria; ribosomal protein L10; RNA editing

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. +81 774-93-3526. Fax. +81 774-93-3528. E-mail: nk0103{at}kab.seika.kyoto.jp

Edited by Dr. Katsumi Isono


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