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DNA Research Advance Access published online on January 11, 2008
DNA Research, doi:10.1093/dnares/dsm026
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© The Author 2008. Kazusa DNA Research Institute
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Complete Genomic Structure of the Bloom-forming Toxic Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843

Takakazu Kaneko1,*, Nobuyoshi Nakajima2, Shinobu Okamoto1, Iwane Suzuki3, Yuuhiko Tanabe2, Masanori Tamaoki2, Yasukazu Nakamura1, Fumie Kasai2, Akiko Watanabe1, Kumiko Kawashima1, Yoshie Kishida1, Akiko Ono1, Yoshimi Shimizu1, Chika Takahashi1, Chiharu Minami1, Tsunakazu Fujishiro1, Mitsuyo Kohara1, Midori Katoh1, Naomi Nakazaki1, Shinobu Nakayama1, Manabu Yamada1, Satoshi Tabata1 and Makoto M. Watanabe3

1 Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
2 National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
3 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan

Received 29 November 2007 ; accepted 2 December 2007.

The nucleotide sequence of the complete genome of a cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843, was determined. The genome of M. aeruginosa is a single, circular chromosome of 5 842 795 base pairs (bp) in length, with an average GC content of 42.3%. The chromosome comprises 6312 putative protein-encoding genes, two sets of rRNA genes, 42 tRNA genes representing 41 tRNA species, and genes for tmRNA, the B subunit of RNase P, SRP RNA, and 6Sa RNA. Forty-five percent of the putative protein-encoding sequences showed sequence similarity to genes of known function, 32% were similar to hypothetical genes, and the remaining 23% had no apparent similarity to reported genes. A total of 688 kb of the genome, equivalent to 11.8% of the entire genome, were composed of both insertion sequences and miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements. This is indicative of a plasticity of the M. aeruginosa genome, through a mechanism that involves homologous recombination mediated by repetitive DNA elements. In addition to known gene clusters related to the synthesis of microcystin and cyanopeptolin, novel gene clusters that may be involved in the synthesis and modification of toxic small polypeptides were identified. Compared with other cyanobacteria, a relatively small number of genes for two component systems and a large number of genes for restriction-modification systems were notable characteristics of the M. aeruginosa genome.

Key words: cyanobacterium; M. aeruginosa; microcystin; water bloom; genome sequence

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. +81 438-52-3935. Fax. +81 438-52-3934, E-mail: kaneko{at}kazusa.or.jp

Edited by Katsumi Isono


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