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DNA Research Advance Access originally published online on March 3, 2006
DNA Research 2006 13(1):15-23; doi:10.1093/dnares/dsi027
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© The Author 2006. Kazusa DNA Research Institute
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Genome Sequence of the Cat Pathogen, Chlamydophila felis

Yoshinao Azuma1,* {dagger}, Hideki Hirakawa2 {dagger}, Atsushi Yamashita3 {dagger}, Yan Cai4, Mohd Akhlakur Rahman1, Harumi Suzuki1, Shigeki Mitaku5, Hidehiro Toh1,3, Susumu Goto6, Tomoyuki Murakami7, Kazuro Sugi7, Hideo Hayashi8, Hideto Fukushi4, Masahira Hattori3, Satoru Kuhara2 and Mutsunori Shirai1,*

1 Department of Microbiology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
2 Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
3 Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
4 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
5 Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Chikusa-ku, Nagoya Aichi 464-8603, Japan
6 Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
7 Department of Clinical Research, National Sanyou Hospital Ube Yamaguchi 755-0241, Japan
8 Chugokugakuen University Okayama, Okayama 701-0197, Japan

Chlamydophila felis (Chlamydia psittaci feline pneumonitis agent) is a worldwide spread pathogen for pneumonia and conjunctivitis in cats. Herein, we determined the entire genomic DNA sequence of the Japanese C. felis strain Fe/C-56 to understand the mechanism of diseases caused by this pathogen. The C. felis genome is composed of a circular 1 166 239 bp chromosome encoding 1005 protein-coding genes and a 7552 bp circular plasmid. Comparison of C. felis gene contents with other Chlamydia species shows that 795 genes are common in the family Chlamydiaceae species and 47 genes are specific to C. felis. Phylogenetic analysis of the common genes reveals that most of the orthologue sets exhibit a similar divergent pattern but 14 C. felis genes accumulate more mutations, implicating that these genes may be involved in the evolutional adaptation to the C. felis-specific niche. Gene distribution and orthologue analyses reveal that two distinctive regions, i.e. the plasticity zone and frequently gene-translocated regions (FGRs), may play important but different roles for chlamydial genome evolution. The genomic DNA sequence of C. felis provides information for comprehension of diseases and elucidation of the chlamydial evolution.

Key words: comparative genomics; genome inversion; obligate intercellular bacteria; chlamydia; infectious disease

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Yoshinao Azuma (main corresponding author), Tel. (Japan)-836-22-2227, Fax. (Japan)-836-22-2415, E-mail: yazuma{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp. and Mutsunori Shirai, Tel. (Japan)-836-22-2226, Fax. (Japan)-836-22-2415, E-mail: mshirai{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp

{dagger}These authors contributed equally to this work.

Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database (accession chromosome, AP006861, plasmid, AP006862).

Communicated by Naotake Ogasawara


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